![]() Non-destructive and flexible The non-invasive nature of DLS enables it to be flexibly implemented either in flow-through mode for in-line characterization or in batch-mode for offline analysis. The best methods are also suitable for routine analysis of virus particles and VLPs for quality control (QC) purposes at various stages of the manufacturing process (upstream and downstream) and can be implemented in flexible platforms suitable for diverse field requirements. “Non-invasive and label-free analytical techniques are highly preferable in order to minimize the disturbances/stresses induced on the particles by sample preparation and analysis,” observes Zhang. Researchers are very concerned about these aggregate species and want to find the formulation that minimizes their appearance and promotes the overall stability of the VLP,” Kenrick says. “Larger species may be contaminants or aggregates formed during the purification or formulation of the VLP. DLS reveals the sizes of multiple species in the solution as long as there is approximately a five-fold difference in the hydrodynamic radii of the species. The DLS data can also be analyzed to determine if other species are present in solution in addition to the VLPs. In batch mode (i.e., with an unfractionated sample) DLS provides an average hydrodynamic size for a given sample and some information about the size distribution. Particle size and morphology and the interactions that influence their self-assembly behavior, reactivity, and stability must be evaluated in the presence of many other types of molecules, according to Yuanming Zhang, chief application scientist for Brookhaven Instruments.ĭetermining the structures of virus particles and VLPs includes quantifying the total particle size, heterogeneity, and aggregate content in a final formulation solution, according to Kenrick, and all these aspects can be investigated with DLS. The challenge of the native environment Characterizing viruses and virus-like particles in their native environments is difficult, particularly when it comes to identification of crucial traits that are relevant to API development, production, and targeted applications. “DLS provides the hydrodynamic size of molecules and particles in solution and consequently can measure the size of viruses and VLPs in their native state,” she adds. In addition, many sample preparation techniques have the potential to impact the structure and properties of virus particles and VLPs.Īs a non-invasive method, dynamic light scattering (DLS) offers many advantages over more traditional approaches such as microscopy, which often require manipulations that can alter the particles, according to Sophia Kenrick, an application scientist with Wyatt Technology. ![]() ![]() Detection of VLPs can be a challenging task, and any detection method must be able to differentiate virus and VLP particles-which range from tens to hundreds of nm-from proteins. VLPs are designed to mimic the activity of viruses via viral surface proteins, but they lack the infectious genetic material of viruses. Effective analysis of viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) is crucial for the development of vaccines and drugs. ![]()
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